クルアーン（コーラン）は、一度にすべてが啓示されたわけではありません。およそ23年にわたって、預言者ムハンマド ﷺ に段階的に下されました――まずマッカ（メッカ）で、そしてヒジュラの後にはマディーナ（メディナ）で。下の年表は、その啓示の主要な出来事を示しています。フィルターを使って、マッカ啓示期またはマディーナ啓示期に絞って見ることができます。

The revelation of the Qur'an unfolded over about 23 years, from the first words in the cave of Hira around 610 CE through the Meccan and Medinan periods to the final verses in 632 CE.

  1. The first revelation — “Iqra”158

    In the cave of Hira near Mecca, the angel Jibril brings the opening words: “Read, in the name of your Lord who created.”

    Meccan period

  2. The early, private call56

    For about three years the message spreads quietly among family and close companions.

    Meccan period

  3. Public preaching begins25

    The command “proclaim openly what you are commanded” marks the move to public teaching in Mecca.

    Meccan period

  4. First migration to Abyssinia58

    Under persecution, a group of Muslims migrates to the Christian kingdom of Abyssinia for refuge.

    Meccan period

  5. The Hijra — Mecca to Medina867

    The Prophet ﷺ and his followers migrate to Medina — the turning point that begins the Medinan period of revelation.

    Medinan period
    More

    The migration to Medina also marks year one of the Islamic (Hijri) calendar and a shift in the character of the revelations toward law and community life.

  6. Revelations of the Medinan years35

    Surahs revealed in Medina, such as al-Anfal around the Battle of Badr, address the new community's trials and its law.

    Medinan period

  7. The final verses49

    Near the Farewell Pilgrimage comes “This day I have perfected for you your religion,” among the last revealed verses.

    Medinan period

最初期の年代はおおよそのものであり、主流の学説に従っています。一方、ヒジュラ（西暦622年）と別れの巡礼（西暦632年）の年は、確固として定まっています。その後に続いた本文の収集と標準化については、正統カリフをご覧ください。