Belief in the Last Day — the Day of Judgment and the life to come (al-akhirah) — is one of the six articles of faith. It gives this life its moral weight: every person will one day stand before God and account for how they lived.567
Resurrection
Muslims believe that the present world will end and that God will raise the dead back to life:
"And [know] that the Hour is coming — no doubt about it — and that Allah will resurrect those in the graves."
— Quran 22:7 (Saheeh International)1
Judgment by deeds
On that Day, deeds will be weighed with perfect justice — nothing good or bad is overlooked:
"And We place the scales of justice for the Day of Resurrection, so no soul will be treated unjustly at all. And if there is [even] the weight of a mustard seed, We will bring it forth."
— Quran 21:47 (Saheeh International)2
"So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it."
— Quran 99:7-8 (Saheeh International)3
Paradise and Hell
The outcome of the judgment is either reward in Paradise (Jannah) or punishment in Hell (Jahannam). The Quran describes Paradise in terms of lasting peace and joy:
"And give good tidings to those who believe and do righteous deeds that they will have gardens [in Paradise] beneath which rivers flow."
— Quran 2:25 (Saheeh International)4
In short
Islam teaches that death is not the end. All people will be resurrected and judged by God according to their deeds, facing reward or punishment in the life to come — a belief that shapes how a Muslim is called to live each day.