先知穆罕默德 ﷺ 于公元632年去世后，领导权先后传给了一系列哈里发政权。下面的色带把每个时代按比例绘制在同一条时间轴上，因此短暂的正统哈里发时期与长达数个世纪的阿拔斯王朝时期并列呈现。将鼠标悬停在色带上或轻触色带，即可查看其年代和来源。

The first caliphates in order: the Rashidun (632–661), the Umayyad (661–750), and the Abbasid (750–1258).

  1. Rashidun632–661 CE · 29 years

    The four Rightly-Guided Caliphs — Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali — who led the community after the Prophet ﷺ.145

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    Abu Bakr (632–634), Umar (634–644), Uthman (644–656), Ali (656–661).

  2. Umayyad661–750 CE · 89 years

    The first hereditary dynasty, ruling from Damascus during a period of vast expansion.245

  3. Abbasid750–1258 CE · 508 years

    The dynasty centred on Baghdad, spanning the classical golden age until the Mongol conquest of 1258.345

如需详细了解正统哈里发时期的四位哈里发，请参阅正统哈里发。